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2012-05-15

Add Swap space to Solaris 10

Posted by Robert Auch under HowTo, Unix | Tags: , , , , |
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I built a stock Solaris 10 VM in the lab a few weeks ago. After adding the fifth zone to it to host a NIS domain, it started suffering “out of memory” errors like the following:
May 3 14:30:59 sol10-a tmpfs: [ID 518458 kern.warning] WARNING: /tmp: File system full, swap space limit exceeded
May 3 14:31:53 sol10-a tmpfs: [ID 518458 kern.warning] WARNING: /zones/sol10-z5/root/etc/svc/volatile: File system full, swap space limit exceeded
May 3 14:32:10 sol10-a tmpfs: [ID 518458 kern.warning] WARNING: /tmp: File system full, swap space limit exceeded
May 3 14:32:34 sol10-a genunix: [ID 470503 kern.warning] WARNING: Sorry, no swap space to grow stack for pid 5650 (cron)

This is easy to fix if you know Solaris administration, but if not:
-bash-3.00# swap -l
No swap devices configured

This is a problem. The simple answer is to add more swap space, staring with a new disk to *host* the swap space. I added a 2GB thin-provisioned disk to the ESX VM, rebooted it, then ran the following:
-bash-3.00# devfsadm
-bash-3.00# format
Searching for disks...done

AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c1t0d0 <default cyl 4092 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32>
/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@0,0
1. c1t1d0 <default cyl 2085 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63> zones
/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@1,0
2. c1t2d0 <default cyl 1021 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32>
/pci@0,0/pci15ad,1976@10/sd@2,0
Specify disk (enter its number): 2
selecting c1t2d0
[disk formatted]

FORMAT MENU:
disk - select a disk
type - select (define) a disk type
partition - select (define) a partition table
current - describe the current disk
format - format and analyze the disk
fdisk - run the fdisk program
repair - repair a defective sector
label - write label to the disk
analyze - surface analysis
defect - defect list management
backup - search for backup labels
verify - read and display labels
save - save new disk/partition definitions
inquiry - show vendor, product and revision
volname - set 8-character volume name
!<cmd> - execute <cmd>, then return
quit
format> fdisk
No fdisk table exists. The default partition for the disk is:

a 100% "SOLARIS System" partition

Type "y" to accept the default partition, otherwise type "n" to edit the
partition table.
y
format> part

PARTITION MENU:
0 - change `0' partition
1 - change `1' partition
2 - change `2' partition
3 - change `3' partition
4 - change `4' partition
5 - change `5' partition
6 - change `6' partition
7 - change `7' partition
select - select a predefined table
modify - modify a predefined partition table
name - name the current table
print - display the current table
label - write partition map and label to the disk
!<cmd> - execute <cmd>, then return
quit
partition> print
Current partition table (original):
Total disk cylinders available: 1020 + 2 (reserved cylinders)

Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
1 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
2 backup wu 0 - 1019 1.99GB (1020/0/0) 4177920
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
8 boot wu 0 - 0 2.00MB (1/0/0) 4096
9 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0

partition> 0
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0

Enter partition id tag[unassigned]: swap
Enter partition permission flags[wm]:
Enter new starting cyl[1]:
Enter partition size[0b, 0c, 1e, 0.00mb, 0.00gb]: 2g
`2.00gb' is out of range
Enter partition size[0b, 0c, 1e, 0.00mb, 0.00gb]: 1.99g
partition> print
Current partition table (unnamed):
Total disk cylinders available: 1020 + 2 (reserved cylinders)

Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 swap wm 1 - 1019 1.99GB (1019/0/0) 4173824
1 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
2 backup wu 0 - 1019 1.99GB (1020/0/0) 4177920
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
8 boot wu 0 - 0 2.00MB (1/0/0) 4096
9 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
[611/1860]
partition> label
Ready to label disk, continue? y

partition> quit

FORMAT MENU:
disk - select a disk
type - select (define) a disk type
partition - select (define) a partition table
current - describe the current disk
format - format and analyze the disk
fdisk - run the fdisk program
repair - repair a defective sector
label - write label to the disk
analyze - surface analysis
defect - defect list management
backup - search for backup labels
verify - read and display labels
save - save new disk/partition definitions
inquiry - show vendor, product and revision
volname - set 8-character volume name
!<cmd> - execute <cmd>, then return
quit
format> label
Ready to label disk, continue? y

format> quit
-bash-3.00# swap -a /dev/dsk/c1t2d0s0
-bash-3.00# swap -l
swapfile dev swaplo blocks free
/dev/dsk/c1t2d0s0 32,192 8 4173816 4173816
-bash-3.00# echo "/dev/dsk/c1t2d0s0 - - swap - no -" >> /etc/vfstab

To recap:
devfsadm
format
2
fdisk
y
part
print
0
swap

1.99g
label
y
quit
label
y
quit
swap -a /dev/dsk/c1t2d0s0
swap -l
echo "/dev/dsk/c1t2d0s0 - - swap - no -" >> /etc/vfstab

yes, one of those is a blank line to accept the default cylinder “1”.
The info for this post was taken very directly from UtahSysAdmin.com. Huge thank you to Kevin for his post, which I needed to modify slightly to get my VM running.

EDIT: I am currently unsure if the last “echo” statement is right. After a recent reboot, swap wasn’t mounted untill I removed that entry from /etc/vfstab. Soliciting comments. Thanks!

 

2012-05-01

LDIFDE.exe syntax error in the input file

Posted by Robert Auch under Domain Controllers, HowTo
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I spent more time than I’d care to admit trying to write an LDIF import file for a customer today. I started with a file provided by someone else, which is of course the root of my problem.  After adding the appropriate ” ” after each “:” character (which is absolutely required), when importing it, I was receiving the following error:

There is a syntax error in the input file
Failed on line 21. The last token starts with '-'.
An error has occurred in the program

So I opened the file in Notepad, and saw nothing wrong. I sent it back to the Linux box it came from, opened it in vi, verified it had dos line endings, and still saw nothing wrong with the format, according to the MSDN Document on the subject of LDIF Schema modifications.

Only after scrolling through the file several times did I notice that line 20 wasn’t actually blank. it was a single horizontal tab character.

To recap:

  1. LDIF formatting is extremely specific, including breaking on whitespace appearance.
  2. LDIF formatting is extremely specific, including breaking on whitespace missing.
  3. LDIF formatting is extremely specific, including requiring the “-” to be a line literally on its own.
 

2012-02-23

Network packet capture on different OSes

Posted by Robert Auch under HowTo, Linux, Unix | Tags: , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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I ran into a problem 2 years ago where I couldn’t remember the native packet capture tool for Solaris and couldn’t install tcpdump, so i thought I’d put down as many as many native packet capture commands as I knew, by OS, in a single place.  I’ll update this as I find more, since there’s hundreds of Operating systems out there.

  • AIX: iptrace: /usr/sbin/iptrace [ -a ] [ -b ][ -e ] [ -u ] [ -PProtocol_list ] [ -iInterface ] [ -pPort_list ] [ -sHost [ -b ] ] [ -dHost ] [ -L Log_size ] [ -B ] [ -T ] [ -S snap_length] LogFile
  • FreeBSD: tcpdump (I think): tcpdump [ -adeflnNOpqRStuvxX ] [ -c count ] [ -C file_size ] [ -F file ] [ -i interface ] [ -m module ] [ -r file ] [ -s snaplen ] [ -T type ] [ -w file ] [ -E algo:secret ] [ expression ]
  • HP-UX: nettl: nettl requires a daemon start, and other setup: /usr/sbin/nettl -traceon kind… -entity subsystem… [-card dev_name…] [-file tracename] [-m bytes] [-size portsize] [-tracemax maxsize] [-n num_files] [-mem init_mem [max_mem]] [-bind cpu_id] [-timer timer_value]
  • Linux 2.4 and higher:
    • tcpdump (some distros): tcpdump [ -AdDefKlLnNOpqRStuUvxX ] [ -c count ] [ -C file_size ] [ -G rotate_seconds ] [ -F file ] [ -i interface ] [ -m module ] [ -M secret ] [ -r file ] [ -s snaplen ] [ -T type ] [ -w file ] [ -W filecount ] [ -E spi@ipaddr algo:secret,… ] [ -y datalinktype ] [ -z postrotate-command ] [ -Z user ] [ expression ]
    • wireshark (some distros, used to be called “ethereal”): GUI-config, no command-line, use tethereal (now tshark) for that
    • tshark: tshark [ -a <capture autostop condition> ] … [ -b <capture ring buffer option>] … [ -B <capture buffer size (Win32 only)> ]  [ -c <capture packet count> ] [ -C <configuration profile> ] [ -d <layer type>==<selector>,<decode-as protocol> ] [ -D ] [ -e <field> ] [ -E <field print option> ] [ -f <capture filter> ] [ -F <file format> ] [ -h ] [ -i <capture interface>|- ] [ -l ] [ -L ] [ -n ] [ -N <name resolving flags> ] [ -o <preference setting> ] … [ -p ] [ -q ] [ -r <infile> ] [ -R <read (display) filter> ] [ -s <capture snaplen> ] [ -S ] [ -t ad|a|r|d|e ] [ -T pdml|psml|ps|text|fields ] [ -v ] [ -V ] [ -w <outfile>|- ] [ -x ] [ -X <eXtension option>] [ -y <capture link type> ] [ -z <statistics> ] [ <capture filter> ]
  • Mac OSX: tcpdump (among others): tcpdump [ -adeflnNOpqRStuvxX ] [ -c count ] [ -C file_size ] [ -F file ] [ -i interface ] [ -m module ] [ -r file ] [ -s snaplen ] [ -T type ] [ -w file ] [ -E algo:secret ] [ expression ]
  • Solaris: snoop: snoop [ -aPDSvVNC ] [ -d device ] [ -s snaplen ] [ -c maxcount ] [ -i filename ] [ -o filename ] [ -n filename ] [ -t [ r | a | d ] ] [ -p first [ , last ] ] [ -x offset [ , length ] ] [ expression ]
  • Windows 2000, XP, 2003, Vista, 2008 and beyond:

Any others anyone wants added (or corrected), just comment or email and I’ll update this.
(Edit 7/29/08 – change tcpdump link)
(Edit 10/13/08 – add tshark info, thanks Jefferson!, and wireshark on Windows)
(Edit 2/23/2012 – repost since a DB problem lost this post.  Thanks wayback machine!)

 

2012-01-25

What date is XX days from today?

Posted by Robert Auch under HowTo, Open Source Software, Unix | Tags: , |
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A quick CLI reference for perl people…

perl -e ' my @t=localtime(time() + $ARGV[0]*24*60*60); $t[4]++; $t[5]+=1900; print "$t[4]/$t[3]/$t[5]\n";' XX

I’ve needed this 2x today already, and hope it helps you!

Edit:
Someone made a comment, as people on the internet are prone to do, so here’s the long-form non-one-liner version:


#!/usr/bin/perl
my $addDays = shift;
my ($second, $minute, $hour, $day, $month, $year, $dayOfWeek, $dayOfYear, $daylightSavings) = localtime(time());
my ($fsecond, $fminute, $fhour, $fday, $fmonth, $fyear, $fdayOfWeek, $fdayOfYear, $fdaylightSavings) = localtime(time() + $addDays*24*60*60);

#fix 0 = 1 values, and "0 = 1900" problem:
$month++;
$fmonth++;
$year+=1900;
$fyear+=1900;

print "today is: $month/$day/$year\n";
print "$addDays days from today is: $fmonth/$fday/$fyear\n";

Run it as:

rob@laptop:~$ fdate.pl 50
today is: 1/25/2012
50 days from today is: 3/15/2012

 

2011-10-05

Dynamic MTU in Debian/Ubuntu

Posted by Robert Auch under HowTo, Linux, Networking
1 Comment 

I know it’s probably an unusual situation, but in the lab we have Jumbo frames turned on for all the servers and test boxes. It makes a huge difference copying ISOs between hosts, and doing network backups. However, my Kubuntu laptop isn’t always in the lab network. This means that I almost never remember to change the MTU when I’m back in the office, OR I remember in the middle of a transfer, when it’s already too late to gain the benefits.

So I wrote a little script, and put it in /etc/network/if-up.d/ [edit: under NetworkManager, use /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d isntead] named “jumbo-frames.sh”. The if-*.d/ structure is designed for exactly this purpose: run a script when an interface comes up. The basic premise is: If I’m plugged into a wired network (eth0) in the lab (domain or IP address match certain parameters), then set the MTU to 9000 (jumbo frame support), otherwise assume the network has a normal MTU (1500). This allows the system to reconfigure on the fly if I put it to sleep and go visit a customer.

Here’s the code:

#!/bin/sh
# Set support for jumbo frames when at home on wired network, else do not.
# Determine home network based on IP address and DNS-determined name.
# $IFACE should be set by the caller.

PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

IFC=/sbin/ifconfig
INT=”eth0″
MTU=9000
DEFMTU=1500
#name of the DNS domain to assume as “home”
HOMED=”totalnetsolutions.net”
#IP Subnet to assume as “home” if DNS test fails
HOMEN=”10.0.0.”

test -x $IFC || exit 0

# Don’t make changes to the wireless (wlan) or loopback (lo) interfaces
if [ “$IFACE” != “$INT” ]; then
exit 0
fi

# if dhcpd is still working on writing our resolv.conf, just wait a while (it’s a hack, but it works).
test -f /etc/resolv.conf || sleep 15

DOM=`awk ‘/search/ { print $2 }’ /etc/resolv.conf`
NET=`ip addr show dev $IFACE | awk ‘/inet / { print $2 }’ | awk -F. ‘{ print $1 “.” $2 “.” $3 “.” }’`

if [ “$DOM” = “$HOMED” ]; then
$IFC $IFACE mtu $MTU
elif [ “$NET” = “$HOMEN” ]; then
$IFC $IFACE mtu $MTU
else
$IFC $IFACE mtu $DEFMTU
fi

 

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